# Tutorial 4 – CO2 Storage Into Depleted Gas Fields¶

• setting up a model for CO2 storage in a depleted gas field using the Multi-Gas model (COMP3)

• analysing results of Multi-Gas models

To run this tutorial you will need the following

These are also available as zip file:

Tutorial sections:

## Problem Description¶

This tutorial describes a CO2 storage problem in a depleted gas field. The model is a reservoir layer initially filled with gas at about 300 Bar, covering a 10 km x 10 km area, from a depth of 2500 m to 2700 m, and discretised with 100,000 cells (a 100x100x10 regular grid). It is depleted using four corner wells for 15 years, starting from the beginning of 2010. Then four solvent (CO2) injectors are turned on in January 2025 and the reservoir is partially repressurised to a further 15 years. In 2040, after 15 years of CO2 injection, the wells are turned off and the reservoir is left to soak for a further 20 years until 2060.

## Simulation – COMP3 setup¶

The problem is modelled with the isothermal Multi-Gas model, using the COMP3 mode, which models three components: water, reservoir gas and solvent (CO2). Select COMP3 in the SIMULATION block by using the MODE keyword:

SIMULATION
SIMULATION_TYPE SUBSURFACE
PROCESS_MODELS
SUBSURFACE_FLOW Flow
MODE COMP3
OPTIONS
ISOTHERMAL
RESERVOIR_DEFAULTS
/
/ ! end of subsurface_flow
/ ! end of process models
END  !! end simulation block


## Setup of the input file¶

With a text editor open the input deck provided for this tutorial, DEP_GAS.in. The explanation below discuss only sections with instructions not covered in Tutorial 1 and Tutorial 3.

### PVT and fluid properties¶

For the water, specify only the surface density, required by the simulator to compute fluid in place and surface volumes, and leave default internal correlations (IFC67) for the other properties. Define solvent as pure CO2 by including the external database generated by the Span and Wagner EOS. For the reservoir gas enter a user-defined PVDG table as the one provided in the input sample.

EOS WATER
SURFACE_DENSITY 995.5
END

EOS GAS
FORMULA_WEIGHT 16.04d0
SURFACE_DENSITY 1.0995 kg/m^3
PVDG
DATA_UNITS ! Metric in the Eclipse sense
PRESSURE  Bar
FVF       m^3/m^3
VISCOSITY cP
END
DATA
TEMPERATURE 15.0
1.0135  1.186979 0.0107
34.4738  0.033261 0.0127
68.9476  0.016001 0.0134
82.7371  0.013160 0.0138
103.421  0.010358 0.0145
124.105  0.008535 0.0153
137.895  0.007636 0.0159
158.717  0.006597 0.0170
172.369  0.006190 0.0177
206.843  0.005531 0.0195
241.317  0.005118 0.0214
275.790  0.004840 0.0232
310.264  0.004617 0.0250
330.948  0.004509 0.0261
END !end TEMP block
END !endDATA
!specify temperature dependency for viscosity
END !end PVDG
END

EOS SOLVENT
SURFACE_DENSITY 1.0 kg/m^3
CO2_DATABASE co2_dbase.dat
END


Since the solvent is defined as CO2, by default the code uses the Duan & Sun correlation [DS03] to account for the CO2 dissolution in brine.

### Equilibration¶

Set up the gas-water contact (WGC) below the reservoir, with a capillary pressure between gas and water at the WGC depth equal to zero. In this way only the gas cap will be modelled. Set the datum depth at the top of the layer (2500 m), imposing a pressure of 300 Bar:

EQUILIBRATION

PRESSURE 300 Bar
DATUM_D  2500 m
WGC_D    2700.0 m
PCWG_WGC 0.0    Bar

RTEMP 139 C
/


### Wells¶

The model has 4 corner producers and 4 solvent (CO2) injectors equally spaced, located 2.4 km away from the model boundaries. The producers shut in 2025, when the injectors open. The CO2 injection carries on for 15 years until 2040, after which the injectors are also shut. Below is a sample of the settings you require for one injector and one producer, all the others follow the same pattern:

WELL_DATA injs1
CIJK_D 25 25 1 5
WELL_TYPE SOLVENT_INJECTOR
BHPL   500  Bar
SHUT
DATE 1 JAN 2025
OPEN
TARG_SSV 5000000 m^3/day
DATE 1 JAN 2040
SHUT
END

WELL_DATA prod1
CIJK_D  1 1 5 10
WELL_TYPE PRODUCER
BHPL      50   Bar
TARG_GSV 12000000 m^3/day
DATE 1 JAN 2025
SHUT
END


## Run the simulation¶

Run the simulation set up for this tutorial on your preferred environment. Open one of the links below on a new tab, so you can continue following the instructions to analyse the result in this page.

## Analyse the results¶

The simulator outputs the ECLIPSE restart and summary files (DEP_GAS.UNRST, DEP_GAS.UNSMRY, DEP_GAS.SMSPEC), which you can load with any post-processor supporting this format.

Continue this tutorial analysing the results using Stratus or ResInsight, clicking one of the links below:

### Analyse the results of the DEP_GAS run with Stratus¶

Launch Stratus, and load the “DEP_GAS.GRID” file. Then plot the field average pressure, and switch to the date format for the x-axis:

During depletion the pressure drops from 300 Bar to about 130 Bar, then it recovers to 150 Bars with the injection of CO2, and remain stable until the end of the simulation.

From Solutions in the left-side tree menu, create a 3D plot for the molar fraction of solvent in the vapour phase (YMFS). Then click on the “Edit 3D Plot”:

In the “Disp. Min” box, set the minimum threshold of YMFS, below which the 3D contour display will be cut:

Now click again over the YMFS 3D display you just created in the right-side tree menu, and advance the time until the end of the injection (1 Jan 2040):

The plots above show how the CO2, being heavier than the reservoir gas moves towards the bottom of the layer, above the gas-water contact.

Advancing further in time, until the end of the simulation (2060), the CO2 is flattening-out due to the effect of diffusion in the vapour phase.

### Analyse the results with ResInsight¶

Launch ResInsight, and load the “DEP_GAS.GRID” file. Then plot the field average pressure:

During depletion the pressure drops from 300 Bar to about 130 Bar, then it recovers to 150 Bars with the injection of CO2, and remains stable until the end of the simulation.

For the dynamic variable select YMFS, then select “Property Filters”:

Then right-click and select “New Property Filter”. In the bottom left corner, under the Property Editor select 0.1 as minimum display threshold for the the 3D contour of YMFS, and type enter:

Advance the time until the end of the injection (1 Jan 2040):

The plot above shows how the CO2, being heavier than the reservoir gas moves towards the bottom of the layer, above the gas-water contact.

Advancing further in time until the end of the simulation (2060), the CO2 is flattening-out due to the effect of diffusion in the vapour phase.